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Electrical Resistivity Survey & VES in Leicester

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Leicester sits on a complex mix of Mercia Mudstone, river terrace gravels, and glacial till. We see it on site every week: what looks like uniform ground on a borehole log often hides a paleochannel or a buried service trench that standard drilling misses. Electrical resistivity fills that gap. A VES survey maps vertical changes in apparent resistivity, picking out clay bands, sand lenses, and water tables without digging a single pit. For brownfield sites in the Soar Valley, where industrial backfill can vary over just a few metres, combining a CPT test with a resistivity profile gives the full picture before a single foundation is designed. The method works fast: a typical VES sounding takes under an hour, and the inverted model tells us where the competent bearing stratum really starts. We run the survey, process the data with RES2DINV, and deliver a cross-section you can hand straight to the structural engineer. No guesswork, no surprises during excavation.

Resistivity does not replace a borehole — it tells you where to put the borehole and what to expect between them.

Process and scope

Leicester's population has pushed past 370,000, driving infill development on marginal plots that were skipped over decades ago. Those plots often have undocumented fill, old cellars, or variable alluvium from the River Soar. A 2D resistivity line picks up those anomalies where the resistivity contrast is sharp: dry granular fill reads high, saturated clay reads low. We use a Wenner-Schlumberger array for most urban surveys because it balances depth penetration with lateral resolution. A single spread can reach 15 to 20 metres depth in typical Leicester soils, enough to cover the zone of influence for a two-storey structure. The data feeds directly into geotechnical cross-sections alongside SPT drilling results, so you are not relying on one method alone. This dual approach is now standard practice under Eurocode 7 for ground investigation on sites with uncertain history.
Electrical Resistivity Survey & VES in Leicester
Technical reference image — Leicester

Local considerations

The most common mistake we see on Leicester brownfield sites is relying solely on window sampling or trial pits and assuming the ground between investigation points is uniform. It rarely is. A buried cellar backfilled with rubble will read as a high-resistivity anomaly; a leaking drain will create a low-resistivity plume that looks like a weak zone. Miss those, and you excavate into unstable ground with no warning. Another risk: misidentifying a perched water table as the regional groundwater level. VES distinguishes the two because the true water table shows as a consistent low-resistivity horizon across multiple soundings, while perched water appears as a local lens. Getting this wrong leads to underestimated uplift pressures or poorly designed dewatering systems. The extra cost of a resistivity survey is negligible compared to the cost of redesigning foundations after a discovery during construction.

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Explanatory video

Technical parameters

ParameterTypical value
MethodVES (Vertical Electrical Sounding) and 2D ERT profiles
Array configurationWenner, Schlumberger, dipole-dipole
Typical investigation depth15–30 m (extendable with longer spreads)
Measurement range0.1 Ωm to 10⁵ Ωm
Data processing softwareRES2DINV / RES1D
Reporting standardBS 5930:2015 + A1:2020, Eurocode 7
Output deliverablesResistivity cross-sections, iso-resistivity maps, interpreted geotechnical profiles

Other technical services

01

VES Soundings

Single-point vertical electrical soundings for rapid depth profiling. Ideal for determining depth to bedrock, mapping the water table, or identifying clay layer thickness before a mat foundation design. Each sounding generates a 1D resistivity model calibrated against available borehole data.

02

2D Resistivity Imaging (ERT)

Multi-electrode resistivity lines for cross-sectional imaging of the subsurface. We use this on Leicester sites with suspected lateral variability: old river channels, fault zones in the Mercia Mudstone, or contaminant plumes from former industrial use. The output is a colour-contoured resistivity section with interpreted geotechnical boundaries.

Regulatory framework

BS 5930:2015 + A1:2020 — Code of practice for ground investigations, Eurocode 7 — EN 1997-2:2007 — Ground investigation and testing, BS EN 1997-1:2004 + A1:2013 — General rules for geotechnical design

Common questions

What does a VES survey cost in Leicester?

For a typical Leicester site, a single VES sounding ranges from £460 to £710 depending on the target depth and access conditions. A 2D resistivity line with multiple electrodes generally falls in the same range per line for small to medium spreads. We provide a fixed-price proposal after reviewing your site location and investigation objectives.

How deep can resistivity testing reach in Leicester's geology?

With a standard 100-metre Wenner spread, we routinely reach 20 to 25 metres depth in the Mercia Mudstone and river terrace deposits around Leicester. Greater depths are achievable with longer cable spreads, though urban site constraints often limit the maximum array length. For depths beyond 30 metres, we typically recommend combining VES with deeper borehole methods.

Can resistivity detect contamination on a Leicester brownfield site?

Yes, with the right contrast. Leachate from old landfill or hydrocarbon spills typically shows as a low-resistivity anomaly because dissolved ions increase the pore fluid conductivity. We have mapped former gasworks contamination along the Soar corridor this way. The method works best when background resistivity is well-characterised from clean areas of the same site, and results are validated with chemical sampling from targeted boreholes.

Location and service area

We serve projects in Leicester and surrounding areas.

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